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Insulin primarily regulates the amount of sugar in the blood, which is essential for maintaining stable glucose levels within the body. When you eat, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which enters the bloodstream. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, facilitates the uptake of glucose by the cells for use as energy or storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles. This action helps lower blood sugar levels back to a normal range.

By managing glucose levels, insulin plays a crucial role in overall metabolism and energy balance. A deficiency in insulin or an improper response to it can lead to conditions like diabetes, where blood sugar levels can become dangerously high.

The other options, while essential for overall health, do not directly involve insulin's primary function. Insulin does not regulate blood pressure, cholesterol levels, or heart rate, making its role in glucose management especially vital for proper metabolic functioning.